1) Deer, this is likely to be in October
2) Near where I live, Western Washington
3)Not much at all. I`m probably going to using a borrowed Rifle, and wearing my everyday Clothes, with an Orange T-Shirt. If it`s really cold out, probably a shirt under that.
Ok, this will be the basics only, because every hunting situation is different. The way you hunt will determine what you need. Are you going to be in a stand exclusively, or will you be doing any walking/stalking? If you know that you will be in a dry, covered deer stand, you don't need to worry too much about being waterproof, just warm. But if you are going to be out walking around, you really want waterproof.
Deer hunting in W Wa is going to require a little more than an orange t-shirt. I hate to be the first to tell you, but unless you like being miserable, you're going to need to spend a bit of money on your gear. The good thing is that if you take care of it, your gear will last for years. Nothing will make you hate hunting more than being cold and wet, so spend the money on good gear. Once you're in your stand, any time spent not thinking about your gear is time spent looking for deer. IMHO, this is a bare minimum..
-You will want a quality pair of waterproof, over the ankle boots. I settled on a pair of Columbia waterproof boots with 200 grams of thinsulate. Just enough insulation so I don't get sweaty on days that aren't frigid, but with a pair of thick socks, i've been good down to single digits. They wear like a pair of tennis shoes, so they're great for stalking and walking quietly. I also wore them duck hunting, so I know they stay waterproof unless I submerge them over the top of the boot. Not cheap, but $100(ish) is money well spent if you don't have waterlogged feet 10 seconds after you walk out the door.
-Something waterproof on your legs. If you're just walking down a road to a deer stand, blue jeans will be fine. On a cold day, fleece long johns will really keep you warm. If you have to walk through the woods, or will be setting up in a ground blind or something, you absolutely want something waterproof. If you're going to be stalking, you don't want noisy synthetic materials. Stuff like ski pants will be unbelievably loud every time you move, or scrape against something, even sitting in a stand. I like Filson chaps for days when it isn't too wet. The material is damn near impervious to blackberry thorns (very important!), and is reasonably waterproof. If you'll be hunting late season, rain is going to be an issue. Count on it. If it's really wet, I wear a pair of Columbia bib overalls that were made for duck hunting. They're a bit noisier and bulkier than I like, but nothing works better for keeping me warm and dry. On a dry day, I wear a pair of 511 pants. Quiet, light, and pretty rip resistant.
-Waterproof jacket. Are you seeing a pattern with the waterproof gear? lol.. The key to staying warm is layering. If you wear a super heavy jacket and have to walk around, you're going to start sweating. Then you stop moving, and you freeze. Layering will allow you to tailor how warm you stay. I tried a lot of different combinations when it comes to jackets, and I settled on a lighter, waterproof fleece jacket one size too big. On warmer days, I wear just the jacket. As it gets colder, i'll layer long johns, and even a hoody under it. I like the fleece material because it's very quiet. Just a thought.. There is no such thing as "cheap, waterproof and durable". You're going to spend at least $1-150 on a decent jacket, maybe more. Buy it now, or during warmer months, and get it on sale. Notice the label on your gear. Water "resistant" is NOT water "proof". Look for gear that advertises "hurricane seams" and waterproof zippers. It also pays to buy gear that has waterproof ventilation zippers under the arms. When it's warm and raining, waterproof is incredibly hot. Think about wearing a trash bag on a hot day. Sauna...
-Blaze orange. Deer hunting basically requires that you have your chest and back covered by blaze orange. Don't **** around with this. Remember the 2 hunting teenagers that shot the lady a few years ago, thinking she was a bear? She was jogging, and bent over to tie her shoes, and was killed. Be visible. Deer eyes aren't capable of seeing the part of the color spectrum that blaze orange is in, so there's no excuse for not wearing it. Don't buy one of those cheap plasticky vests from big 5. They fall apart very quickly, and then you have to spend time dealing with shitty gear and not hunting. Cabelas has a nice blaze orange hunting vest for about $30. Durable, lots of handy pockets, and well designed. Get one big enough to fit over any layers you might wear, but not so big that it's falling off of you or snagging on stuff. I also wear a blaze orange ball cap on days when it's not too cold.
-Gloves aren't a bad idea, even if you're just stuffing them in a pocket. Cold hands will end a day of hunting, and stiff fingers are a bad idea if you're trying to make a precise shot. I've been through a lot of gloves trying to find some that work. Sportsmans Warehouse carries a brand called Manzella, and they are great. Thin enough where you can manipulate a rifle action or trigger, but still very warm and reasonably water resistant. I wore them duck hunting all year, and I stayed dry unless I was repeatedly submerging them grabbing birds out of the water.
-Cleaning a deer requires a few specific tools. You're going to want a good, heavy knife made out of quality metal. You want something short (about 3 inches long) with a rounded point. Fighting or tactical knives will work, but the long slender point will make getting around the organs in the belly and chest a bit of a pain in the ass. I've got a Gerber Gator ($30) that I absolutely love. The rubberized handle is perfect when your hands are bloody, and the swept tip is just right for cleaning deer. I also use a skinning knife that uses a box cutter blade for opening the skin of the belly. Cost about $10 at walmart, and is so much easier for opening the belly (without popping the guts) than a knife. If you're going further than just field cleaning (gutting), a bone saw is helpful for cutting open the chest, but not required. I have processed a few deer in my life, and anymore, I just pay a butcher to do it. I gut and skin my deer, but the rest just goes straight to the butcher. Whatever you use, make sure the blade is sharp enough to shave with. Seriously, I can shave with my hunting knives. Cleaning a large animal is not the most pleasant thing to do, and a shitty dull knife makes an unpleasant task flat out miserable. As far as how to clean a deer, I assume you'll have people around who know how to help you the first time?
-Misc. Camelbak with about 1.5L of water. Good granola bars like Cliff Bars, not cheap crap (remove them from the foil wrappers, too noisy in the woods). A quality pair of small, pocket sized binoculars. Even better is a range-finder monocular. I picked up a Redfield 6x rangefinder on sale for about $110. You'd be surprised how wrong you can be about how far away things are, and there is a huge difference between 80 yards and 180 yards. Carry some emergency gear. I always carry a foil emergency blanket and a rape whistle. If i'm out in the boonies, I also carry a hatchet, wire saw and waterproof matches. You just never know.. I like to keep a package of cough drops and toilet paper/baby wipes, sealed in ziplock baggies.
More important than your gear, is learning how to hunt. This is not something that you can just spend some money and go out and do. Woodcraft is an art, and it requires years of patience and practice to get good at. Get a .22 rifle, and go out squirrel hunting. Learn to move quietly. Learn how your prey lives, eats, sleeps, shits and moves. Pick the brains of experienced hunters. Find an old, experienced hunter and spend time in the woods with them. Watch hunting videos, read hunting books. Spend a lot of time in the woods. Learn to be silent. The woods will tell you everything you need to know. Go camping, go hiking. Learn to be ok in the boonies. Learn to stalk your prey, learn to read tracks, learn to move quietly, learn to read the wind.
Spend a lot of time shooting. You can buy a Ruger American Rifle for about 350. Don't just zero your rifle and think you can put it in the safe, and whip it out once a year and make that one shot. You owe it to the animals you hunt to be able to make clean, quick kills at whatever range you will be shooting at.
There is a lot more than this. I know it seems like a lot, but if you get started on this, you can spend the rest of your life doing this, and still be learning things. Did I miss anything..?